A 2-year-old male Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) died after a very brief period of illness at a zoo aquarium; the penguin showed sudden depression, anorexia, dyspnoea, and had recurrent melena a day prior to death.The gross examination revealed an extensive bilious effusion in the abdominal cavity due to a gallbladder rupture.Moreover, abs

Neurodegenerative diseases have reached alarming numbers in the past decade.Unfortunately, clinical trials testing potential therapeutics have proven futile.In the absence of disease-modifying therapies, physical activity has emerged as the single most accessible lifestyle modification with Hayward Parts the potential to fight off cognitive decline

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common source of functional impairment among athletes, military personnel, and the general population.Professional fighters in both boxing and mixed martial arts (MMA) are at particular risk for repetitive TBI and may provide valuable insight into both the pathophysiology of TBI and its consequences.Currently, effe